Cardamom plants start bearing the fruit in the 2nd or 3rd year of plantation. The fruits would mature @ 35 to 45 days intervals, with 5 to 6 pickings. Normally harvesting season for Cardamom is from October to November. In Tamil Nadu and Kerala,
harvesting starts from Aug to Sept and continues till Feb to March. In Karnataka, it starts in July to Aug and continues up to
Dec to Jan. When fruits are in the ripped stage, capsules should be harvested. Over-mature Cardamom fruits split on drying
floor, whereas the unripe cardamom fruits shrivel on drying.
The crop requires regular water supply but during tillering and flowering and during
summer water requirement is more. Hence it is recommended that the irrigation supply
should be sufficient during January-May. Efficient irrigation methods include Drip and
Sprinkler. Care must be taken that water should not be logged, hence a proper drainage
system must be maintained.
The Farmgate price per 1 Kg of Cardamom is Rs. 800 per Kg.
The year I -50 kg per acre- Rs 40000
Year II- 150 kg per acre- Rs. 120,000
Year III-200 Kg per acre- Rs. 1,60,000
Year IV- 400 Kg per acre-Rs. 3,20,000
Push a few of the seeds into the containers and cover each with 1⁄8 inch (0.32 cm) of soil. Water the seeds so the soil is completely moist. Start as many cardamom seeds as you like, but plant them about 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart in the container so you can thin and transplant them once they start growing.
Ber grows at altitudes up to 1,000 meters above m.s.l (Mean Sea Level) in different
climatic conditions. High air humidity is not suitable for its cultivation. Ber grows on
sandy, loamy, saline, and alkaline soils.n India, the tree works best on sandy loam, neutral or slightly alkaline. It also grows well
on lateral, medium loamy soils with good drainage, or deep sandy to sandy looms are
best suited for cultivating sandy, gravelly, alluvial. However, good Ber orchards are also
found in clay loam and some alkaline soils.
The only requirement is specic irrigation during fruit development, i.e., from November
to March. Frost damages fruits but not trees. Fruit yields are higher in more rainy years
and lower in less rainy years. Insect infestation is also low. Areas with low rainfall. Ber trees
are extremely drought tolerant. Its deep taproot system enables it to survive for a long
time
dry conditions. There are several cultivated varieties of Ber in India, so it is difcult to
identify the true wild species. Two methods of propagating Ber trees are seed
propagation and vegetative propagation.
Seed propagation involves collecting seeds, preparing them, and applying them directly
to the soil or compost. This method is straightforward; however, the growth, fruiting, and
fruit quality of the grown trees cannot be guaranteed, and the time taken for the trees to
reach the age is usually longer than that of trees propagated by plant methods.
In case you missed it: Top 16 Steps to Boost Raspberry Yield: How to Increase Fruit germination is often used to increase root reserves for plant growth.
Therefore, seeds usually propagated Ber in earlier times. But the disadvantage of this
seed method is the variability in seed breeding. Therefore, it is recommended to grow
high-quality varieties through patch budding.Vegetative – The most common method of growing Ber is I or T (shield) budding.
Rootstock plants are grown by breaking the stone (endo-carp) and sowing the extracted
seed kernels. They grow in about a week. Seed stones can be sown in the same way, but
germinating takes about a month. Seeds of locally adapted and strong Ber trees can be
used to nurture root deposits in the eld from July to August, or they can be planted in
Planting in Ber is usually done at the beginning of the monsoon. A 60x60x60 cm pit is
dug during the summer and relled after adding two baskets of farmyard manure and 50
grams of heptachlor dust to protect against termites
Excessive watering during the owering period causes the ower to drop in the Ber tree.
Irrigation during this time can delay fruit ripening and prolong the ripening period. In
addition, water pressure will cause immature fruit to fall. The problem of severe fruit drop
in the eld is of great concern to the farmers of the eld. Premature fruit drop of about
50% of production in ‘Umran’ crop is a signicant problem that adversely affects farmers’
production and prot.
The Ber crop bears only 8-9% fruit which can reach full maturity. Ber fruit does not usually
drop physically; the drop is generally due to pathological reasons. However, due to
environmental humidity and increased plant growth, some Ber may fruit drop in
October-November. One spray of 10-20 ppm Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) will be.
Water is life for every plant, so it should be appropriately used to save water. No ooding
should occur unless the plants cover the entire provided space. In June, apply the rst
irrigation after harvesting for hoeing in tree basins and fertilize the eld yard. Irrigation
should not be done in the rainy season. When there is drought, irrigate after planting.
Then irrigate at monthly intervals till February.
Fruits begin to ripen after March, and harvesting is almost complete in April. Irrigation
should not be done during and after fruit harvest. Irrigation is also very benecial during
hot weather and fruit development. Water pressure will cause the immature fruit to fall.
India has been irrigated 35 times during the winter months. Zinc and boron sprays are
sometimes applied to enhance the brightness of the fruit.
Step 9: Nutrition for increases fruit production
A fertilizer dose of 750 grams N/tree gives the highest yield, while 250 grams N and 250
grams P2O5 increase fruit production. Unfortunately, the application of potassium does
not give any response in Ber trees. Therefore, Ber needs regular fertilizers and manures
for good yields like other fruit trees.
In the rst 2-to-3-year age after planting, the Ber trees are trained to develop a strong
framework. Ber tree training is required to develop a strong framework during the rst 2-3
years. The tree ourished in the rst year, and many side branches sprouted from the
main shoots and roots. All secondary branches up to 75 cm above the ground level should
be tapped to form a straight main trunk.
3-4 well-located and conveniently located main branches are allowed on the main trunk,
and above them, it is to be carried backward. During the second year, these major
branches also maintained 3-4 secondary branches. This process continues for the
Axis Agro India The main frame of the tree is maintained by removing
the water-sprouted shoots (very long shoots without fruit). The framework can be
modied at the time of annual harvest.
Annual pruning is necessary to produce a maximum number of new healthy shoots that
will bear good quality fruit. Unwanted, weak, intercrossing, diseased, and broken
branches are removed from time to time to encourage healthy growth for maximum fruit
growth. Pruning is done in the dry season when the tree loses its leaves and enters
dormancy. Spraying once every two days with 3% potassium nitrate before pruning
induces bud sprouting from a maximum number of nodes.
During the 2 to 3 years of tree age, the plants occupy the minimal area, and most of the
land remains vacant. The vacant land should be used wisely while growing compatible
crops. No crops should be grown in the Kharif season, so the Ber plants will need to be
watered at Ber plants. Grow Rabi crops like Wheat, Gram, Maize, Massar, Barseem, Sarson,
etc.
After the rst two years, grow only toria or winter vegetables so that the eld is empty
during March-April for easy harvesting of fruits. Large and long-growing crops like millet
or sorghum should not be grown.
Step 14: Weed control for getting more fruits
Perennial weeds such as Baru Grass, Dubh Grass, Parthenium, and Puthkanda raise their
heads during tree growth. To check for perennial weeds, spray round-up (glyphosate) by
10ml / liter or Gramoxone by 6ml / liter when the weed grows properly (20-30 cm in
height). Gramoxone can also be sprayed into tree basins. Choose a claim day for spray
drift to the Ber foliage.
Destroy all infected fruits. To destroy the pupae, dig up the soil under the tree
canopy and add 1.3% Lindane dust by 30 grams/tree. Spray Malathion 50 EC or
Chlorpyrifos 20 EC or Quinalphos 25 EC 2 ml/liters. Carefully use polythene bags sh meal
trap with 5 grams of wet sh meal and 1 ml of Dichlorvos in cotton. Fifty traps per hectare
are required; sh meal and cotton soaked in Dichlorvos should be renewed in 20 and 7
days
The timing of planting cardamom depends on the irrigation system.
